In one word, ‘Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)’ can be described as fascinating. It comes down to its history, and its close connection to the socio-political climate in its place of origin. Most importantly, it shares the voice of the people that quite simply fuel the engine that keeps the economy moving. Read on for more because the voice of the people needs to be heard, and understood.
From a musical standpoint ‘Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)’ is known as a traditional Jamaican folk song that draws from mento influences. Mento goes back to musical roots brought to the Americas, and the Caribbean from West Africa. The term ‘mento’ is thought to be derived from the Spanish word ‘mentar’ which translates to ‘to mention, call out, name’. A common trait of these songs features the lead calling out the song’s subject, often in a subtle yet critical way.
For instance, in the case of ‘Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)’ we hear the reference to the ‘Tally Man’. Generally speaking, this style evolved into what is known as calypso. The call and response delivery tells the story. The workers are on a pier in Kingston, Jamaica. They have worked through the night in order to avoid the intense Jamaican heat. The crew has cut bananas, weighed them and then loaded them. Their job is done. Next crew. The sun is rising. Once the tally man weighs their day’s toil, the shift is over. The leader of the group leads the lyrics. It’s a work song that sets the scene.
Day-o, day-o
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Day, me say day, me say day, me say day
Me say day, me say day-o
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Work all night on a drink of rum
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Stack banana till de morning come
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Come, Mister tally man, tally me banana
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Come, Mister tally man, tally me banana
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Lift six foot, seven foot, eight foot bunch
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Six foot, seven foot, eight foot bunch
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Day, me say day-o
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Day, me say day, me say day, me say day, me say day, me say day
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
A beautiful bunch o’ ripe banana
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Hide the deadly black tarantula
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Lift six foot, seven foot, eight foot bunch
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Six foot, seven foot, eight foot bunch
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Day, me say day-o
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Day, me say day, me say day, me say day, me say day, me say day
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Come, Mister tally man, tally me banana
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Come, Mister tally man, tally me banana
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Day-o, day-o
Daylight come and me wan’ go home
Day, me say day, me say day, me say day
Me say day, me say day-o
Daylight come and me wan’ go home”
Perhaps the most interesting aspect related to all of this is the fact that the person who actually wrote ‘Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)’ has been pretty much lost in time. This speaks to the spontaneous nature of the creativity. In the early part of the 20th century the labourers would pool their money to hire whoever they deemed to be the best calypso/mento singers, and have them hired to be a part of their crew. Music and song helps them to pass the time in what otherwise is a thankless job.
This introduction leads to the traditional lyrics of ‘Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)’ that we all know today. The lyrics were adapted by Irving Burgie and William Attaway (Lord Burgess), who was a popular Caribbean composer. Attaway was close friends with Harry Belafonte. These three collaborated on Harry Belafonte’s ‘Calypso’ album. The song was introduced to the United States on ‘The Colgate Comedy Hour’. Here is a remastered version of this iconic performance.
Incidentally, ‘Calypso’ was Harry Belafonte’s third album, and second record in a row to hit #1 on the Billboard Top Pop albums. ‘Calypso’ was released in May of 1956. According to Broadcast Music Inc. (BMI) Belafonte’s signature recording became the first L.P. to sell over one million copies.
For Harry Belafonte to package, and then present this island genre to the world, was a stroke of genius. Here is a quote from Jamaican mento musician, Lord Flea who is known as the ‘Bob Marley of mento’.
In Jamaica, we call our music ‘mento’ until very recently. Today, ‘calypso’ is beginning to be used for all kinds of Western music. This is because it’s become so commercialized there. Some people like to think of West Indians as carefree natives who work and sing and play and laugh their lives away. But this isn’t so. Most of the people there are hard-working folks, and many of them are smart business men. If the tourists want ‘calypso’, that’s what we sell them.”
Although Harry Belafonte’s version of ‘Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)’ is the most famous version it was Edric Connor and the Caribbeans who brought the song to record in 1952. This initial recording was released as ‘Dah Dah Light (Banana Loader’s Song)’ on their ‘Songs from Jamaica’ album.
In addition to the Edric Connor and the Caribbeans version, a Jamaican paois version by Louise Bennett is beloved by Jamaicans. Known as the Honourable Miss Lou, Bennett was a poet, folklorist, writer and educator. Throughout her life she made it her mission to preserve these artforms while ensuring the validity of local language in literary expression. She worked as a teacher at the University of West Indies, hosted a radio show called ‘Miss Lou’s Views’ and starred in the movies ‘Calypso’ and ‘Club Paradise’. Her contribution to ‘Day O (The Banana Boat Song’ is heard in this version, and can be noted in the fact that she provided additional context to Harry Belafonte.
Bennett’s approach to the song connected ‘Hull and Gully Rider’ and ‘Dah Dah Light’ which she shared with Harry Belafonte. Among her many honours and accomplishments is being a Member of the British Empire (1960).
Louise Bennett moved to Scarborough, Ontario in the late ‘80s, and sadly, passed away on July 27, 2006, after collapsing at her home. Revered to the end, Miss Lou’s was flown to Jamaica where she lay in state at the National Arena in August of 2006.
Consider this the most authentic version of ‘Day O (The Banana Boat Song’ and a true precursor to what became the Harry Belafonte hit.
The success of ‘Day O (The Banana Boat Song’ in the United States paved the way for a couple of solid jazz-piano, orchestral covers shortly after.
First, here is Sarah Vaughan and her 1956 cover of what was reduced to ‘The Banana Boat Song’.
Now take a moment and enjoy Shirley Bassey and her 1957 rendition.
The two previous versions I shared owe a lot to folk traditionalist Bob Gibson whose cover of ‘Day O (The Banana Boat Song)’ became a true education. This is a must listen.
For Bob Gibson, music was as much about helping people understand history and sociology as it was about entertainment. Gibson made it his mission to help people understand the roots of the songs we loved.
Gibson played an integral role in bringing ‘Day O (The Banana Boat Song)’ to America. He taught the song to a folk group called The Tarriers. It included the ‘Hill and Gully Rider’. Its chart success actually preceded Harry Belafonte. Movie enthusiasts will be interested to know that one of the Tarriers was acclaimed actor, Alan Arkin.
Bob Gibson’s part in the history of folk music is a story unto itself. He introduced Joan Baez to the New York folk scene and brough her to Newport. Among his many notable collaborations was writing with Shel Silverstein. Yet another fascinating character as we tread deeper into the dense forest of musicology.
Another intriguing performer that emerged out of the early ‘60s rock and roll era was Gary U.S. Bonds who served as a major inspiration to Bruce Springsteen among others. Here is his rock and roll cover of ‘Day O (The Banana Boat Song)’.
Take a listen to this country take on today’s feature offered by Jimmy Rodgers who is known by many as ‘The Father of Country Music’.
For years, The Kinks added a brief version of ‘Day O’ as a connection between songs during their concerts. Ray Davies has always been a master at playing to the audience. This interaction serves to build as the show goes on.
In 1978, Harry Belafonte performed on season 3 of The Muppet Show in this memorable skit. Watch as he can barely hold back his laughter.
https://archive.org/details/muppet-songs-harry-belafonte-day-o-the-banana-boat-song-uncut
Children of the ‘70s and early ‘80s will be familiar with Raffi. Here is his cover of ‘Day-O’. This is important because it ensures that the story continues to be told. In a perfect world people will take a deeper look into the song’s origin.
Remember ‘Mr Boombastic’? Enjoy this brilliant cover by Shaggy from 1995. This version was known simply as ‘Day Oh’. This equal parts fun and good. It combines the original with Shaggy’s interpretive presentation.
Here is another one for the children. In the early 2000s, The Wiggles were huge. This is from 2008 and their album ‘You Make Me Feel Like Dancing’. Once again, the story is shared in a way that is accessible to the kids.
As the years roll on, we get another quality cover from a surprising source. The memories go all the way back to the ‘60s folk scene. Here, we get a fabulous presentation by the legendary, Donovan. This is from his 2019 tribute album called ‘Donovan – Jump in the Line: The Commonwealth of Music Scotland & Jamaica – A Tribute to Harry Belafonte’.
There are many great movie moments from the ‘80s. Here is just one. This scene from 1988’s ‘Beetlejuice’ goes down as a classic.
Good times. Good vibe. Good memories, and some really interesting history.
There is something soothing and authentic about hearing Harry Belafonte sing ‘Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)’. His father was from the West Indies and his mother was from Jamaica. When the opportunity presented, he brought the Caribbean to North America.
The most important thing to me about ‘The Banana Boat Song’ is that before America heard it, Americans had no notion of the rich culture of the Caribbean. Very few of them did, anyway, which made no sense to me. It made no sense to me back then that people in America would not respond to the Caribbean culture I knew in joyous, positive ways. But there were these cultural assumptions then about people from the Caribbean – that they were all rum drinking, sex-crazed and lazy – not they were tillers of the land, harvesters of bananas for landlords of the plantations. I thought, let me sing about a new definition of these people. Let me sing a classic work song, about a man who works all night for a sum equal to the cost of a dram of beer, a man who works all night because it’s cooler then than during the day.”
To his credit, he kept on going.
His advocacy for the civil rights movement is well documented, and in this space, he was on the leading edge. He was a close friend of Martin Luther King Jr. from the beginning of King’s mission. , Belafonte played a key role in the Youth March for Integrated Schools, and the 1963 March on Washington. As a result of this stance, Belafonte, among others was blacklisted during the McCarthy era along with several other civil rights activists. Still, he charged on. During this period, one of MLK’s primary financial backers was none other than Harry Belafonte. In his own words, Belafonte justified every action by stating his admiration for the Martin Luther King Jr.
He nourished my soul.”
It was this devotion to Martin Luther King Jr that led to Belafonte becoming a Black endorser for the 1960 Kennedy campaign. It is startling to know that Harry Belafonte was John F. Kennedy’s response to the fact the Richard Nixon campaign had secured baseball star Jackie Robinson as their advocate. A rare strike out for number 42.
Throughout his career Harry Belafonte stayed true to many humanitarian causes. He was a major force in the anti-apartheid movement, and did all he could to support Black artists who were suppressed as a result of their political stance (See ‘Makeba’ and ‘Nina Simone’).
When Bob Geldof was looking for the perfect way to conclude Live Aid, who else should be present than Harry Belafonte? This gets off to a rocky start, but thanks to Patti Labelle it all comes together.
Of course, Harry Belafonte played a major role in gathering the artists who appeared on U.S.A. for Africa. Everything that is spontaneous is genuine.
His smile tells the story.
From 1987 through to his death on this day in 2023, Harry Belafonte resided as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. I could go on and on.
All I as is that on this day, choose your version of ‘Day-O (The Banana Boat Song’ , and sing along.
Raise a glass and toast Harry Belafonte.